Among the many controversies surrounding the paradigm of environmental security, two are central. First, is there enough evidence to support the claim that ecological change is, or will be, a major new source of conflict? Although a growing body of research points to specific cases in which environmental change seems to have played a role in promoting violent outbreaks or exacerbating wider social conflict, many questions remain.2 A second set of questions involve the more nebulous concept of "security." Are the advantages of linking economic globalization to environmental problems worth the risk of creating global insecurities over production and access to good and services for consumption? The arguments for redefining security and reconsidering the ramifications of globalization make clear that environmental protection is more than an effort to reconceptualize the nature of the present and future threats that societies face. It is also a political agenda aimed at mobilizing the state and society toward a new set of goals and at redirecting resources and energies away from the exclusively macroeconomic concerns. Both the nature of the security-ecology problem and economic methods and social tactics most likely to bring about effective environmental protection in tribal communities of southern Orissa are examined in this short paper......... more

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